Which group of languages is low-level and closely related to machine code?

Which group of languages is low-level and closely related to machine code?

• A. High-level languages
• B. Assembly languages
• C. Domain-specific languages
• D. Scripting languages

Answer: (B)

Low-level languages that are closest to what the CPU actually executes are assembly languages. They use human-readable mnemonics for operations and symbolic names for registers and memory, which makes them readable enough for a programmer to write and understand, yet map almost one-to-one to the machine instructions the processor runs. An assembler translates this readable form into machine code, giving precise control over hardware behavior and performance, while sacrificing portability and ease of use. High-level languages are more abstract and portable; they rely on compilers or interpreters to convert code into machine code, distancing the programmer from the exact hardware specifics. Domain-specific languages are specialized for particular tasks, not general-purpose programming. Scripting languages are typically interpreted and designed for rapid development, also placing them higher level than assembly.

Low-level languages that are closest to what the CPU actually executes are assembly languages. They use human-readable mnemonics for operations and symbolic names for registers and memory, which makes them readable enough for a programmer to write and understand, yet map almost one-to-one to the machine instructions the processor runs. An assembler translates this readable form into machine code, giving precise control over hardware behavior and performance, while sacrificing portability and ease of use.

High-level languages are more abstract and portable; they rely on compilers or interpreters to convert code into machine code, distancing the programmer from the exact hardware specifics. Domain-specific languages are specialized for particular tasks, not general-purpose programming. Scripting languages are typically interpreted and designed for rapid development, also placing them higher level than assembly.